It does it remove i after the foreach loop and i is the lowest index min value there is cause its compared to the rest of the array.
It's actually a very efficient solution.

the if statement works only if condition is true, so if b was a true it will run and return a True and else otherwise,

and if you're talking about the way he write the code this the shorthand if statement in return statement

hash tables are slow compared to if statements when you only have 4 values in your domain

This is faster than using a hash table or iterating over the input vector 4 times. He's literally using a custom counter he made.

reported to the FBI, have fun in jail buddy

This code returns string either way I guess :D

could someone explain the concept behind this

why you add 1?

respect

yes