It's not clear what you want to do with Nothing arguments.

You should either specify the order you want the products in, or allow any ordering in the answer.

[Haskell] The default test harness doesn't compile, even with something as simple as filterLucky = id.

It might be helpful to split up the unit tests into different cases for each of add, sub, and so on, rather than having a single "Should work for some tests" test case.

I think it should be made explicit that strings of different length should be truncated to the right, i.e. that they should match character-by-character from the left.

I'd make it clear that the "pyramid" is two-dimensional. It might also be a good idea to relabel the diagrams kg instead of кг.

[C++] If the input is a string, then it should be a std::string, not a char*.

The question should be more explicit what values are used. "char-Value" and "letter-Value" are ambiguous. Maybe try "ASCII character code"?

Probably strings with already capitalized vowels should also be checked in the test cases.

Some mention should be made as to what order the two sequences should be returned in, or their order should be considered unimportant.