The description is terrible, even seeing the answers, I can’t understand what needs to be done. (I'm not a native speaker)

Approved

better datatypes, assertion messages and random tests for C (author gone)

nvm, you are probably talking about the tests having larger ints than were allowed in the description. Disregard my comment

Instructions say "Assume that x is an unsigned, 32-bit integer".
But random tests (python, btw) are giving me 50+ bit integers for x, such as 7,138,606,154,252,560.

Already raised as issue above

Fixed in latest fork

Approved

python new test framework + updaed random tests are required. updated in this fork

Maybe I am not well eduated enough about the computer programming fundamental.

I had a troubling understanding what this statement means
"""the bits are zero-indexed (the least significant bit is position 0)"""

which you have to reverse the binary and find the odd index if the value is 1
return True otherwise False

remark: I am not a native English speaker.
I am here to learn and welcomely to take further deeper info about this question.
Hope that helps non English speaker and get some ways to solve this problem.

Ruby 3.0 should be enabled, see this to learn how to do it

Please organize the structure of test fixture as following (although it has been mentioned in the attached link, I'm repeated here again)

describe "<This message should describe the categories of test groups inside this block>" do
  it "<A short message describing this test group>" do
    expect(...).to eq(...) #Assertions
    #Or Test.assert_equals(user_response, reference_response)
  end
end

'alr approved some time ago'

Very profitable kata, it's reminds one more time about order of numberical places and characters in a string.
Thank you.