You can't see the way they are generated or checked, but you CAN see the input and output. Add a print or console.log statement to your code before submitting it. If you're failing on the tests, a good test module will report the actual and expected. You can also add a print statement before returning the output (if you want to see the resut of tests you passed).

If you're timing out and you want to see what kinds of inputs are causing you to time out, you can submit a dummy function with print statements. This can help you figure out what size input the kata sensei is testing and will help you optimize your solution to fit those expectations.

It's not possible, unless you give up the kata.

"Show Kata Test Cases" on Solutions or Discourse page after you completed a kata.